Social relief -5

People's Republic of China to establish the initial stage of social relief in rural areas mainly by the government; agricultural collectivization later, mainly by the collective economic burden. Since the 80's rural social relief mission is: ① to the rural areas are unable to work, no source of livelihood, no one to depend on the elderly, the disabled and orphans, to take rely on the collective support, complemented by the national need for relief approach, " Five ", namely food security, clothing, keep, medical care and burial expenses (orphans Security Services), to ensure their lives to meet the local standard of living of the masses of ordinary people. Dependent form of centralized support (see homes for the elderly) and decentralized support. ② on household income in rural areas can not sustain a minimum standard of living of the local poverty-stricken households, distributed relief costs.

With the national economic construction and development of the cause of China's social relief is gradually from low level to high-level transition. Economically underdeveloped areas, has been simply to maintain the minimum standard of living of people living in poverty, to a provincial development, poverty alleviation as the focus and solve the problem of food and clothing for impoverished people to start by the relief-type changes to the welfare-type; economy is relatively developed areas, the original social relief Some social functions gradually replaced by social insurance, such as the establishment of cooperation in old-age insurance, cooperative medical insurance.

Social relief -4

China's current social relief work, social assistance is divided into urban and rural social relief two. Urban social relief including: ① cities helpless, non-living sources residual David (regular relief quantitative targets), no fixed income or income sufficient to maintain the standard of living of local residents (provisional relief object); ② 1961 ~ in June 1965 between 9 was retired in 1957 to streamline the end of the elderly and disabled to participate in the work of trade unions; ③ former Kuomintang, surrendered personnel, have been generous to release the original KMT's party, government, military, special staff homeless naturalization, life difficult for Taiwan compatriots to Taiwan personnel relatives, due to disability, the totally incapacitated young intellectuals of the rural areas, family planning medical personnel caused by the difficulties of life, life difficult for criminals families, their problems in life Returned Overseas Chinese and their relatives and so on. Urban hardship relief standards, to ensure that relief object to the principle of the basic needs of living, the project includes supply of daily necessities and other necessities, as well as a certain number of necessary living expenses. Relief standards by region according to the local specific circumstances, and with the improvement of living standards of the masses and the appropriate adjustments.

Social relief -3

Communist Party of China led the revolutionary war period, the social relief work has taken a number of measures to adapt to the situation at the time. August 25, 1937 the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau and enlarged through the "Ten-Point Program of the anti-Japanese national salvation," and proposed to the relief of unemployment, regulation of food, famine relief to improve people's lives as an important measure. Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in 1946 the Senate passed the "constitutional principles, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region," states: "The people have the freedom from economic rights and poverty." Border Region Government has taken a relief to famine, poverty and other measures to support the elderly.

People's Republic of China People's Republic of China to establish the early social relief, people's governments bear a large number of social assistance, such as severance remnant, the Kuomintang troops, receiving, transforming the old social charities, asylum and transformation of smokers, homeless, prostitutes, urban unemployment relief workers and the poor, as well as to settle the residual the young, the outflow of peasants, such as deportation. From the successive constitutions since 1954 have on the social relief provisions. 1982's "People's Republic of China Constitution" Article 45 stipulates: "The People's Republic of China citizens are old, ill or incapacitated, the state and society from the right to material assistance. National development for the citizens to enjoy this the rights of the required social insurance, social relief and medical and health undertakings. "Under this provision, the country's social relief work, mainly relying on the masses and the collective, to carry out production, the implementation of neighborliness, the State accompanied by the necessary relief.

Social relief -2

The history of China's social relief the history of China's "poor relief", "poor-shirt", containing a gift, the meaning of mercy. The main projects are: ① pension widowed, widowed, alone, alone. Liu Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Song Zhao Kuangyin, a Ming Dynasty emperor after the world have used such means as the Quartet envoy tour, Relief widowed, widowed, isolated, alone and poor people. Tian Yuan ② false. Will be publicly owned forests or陂池wasteland to the poor working people in farming, fishing and hunting, and rent relief given, and sometimes eat repayment of loan. ③ loan relief, including relief and interest free loans paid. ④ relief workers, that is, food-for-work. Mainly to build irrigation and water conservancy and other public works, to the value of job. ⑤粜ping. Harvest Valley low, the court will buy up by price (to buy), so as to avoid injury cheap agricultural valley; famine year Valley is your price粜(sold) to the poor of urgency weeks. In addition, immigration on the millet, millet or transfer on the public. ⑥ soup. The ancients that save as to save drowning hunger, soup kitchens for the most convenient and most effective emergency response, the use of history. Such as the Gold Medal in Taihe five years (1205) in March, "fate to the meters from Temple, since October 15 on the 15th day to the next year for fresh poor Mi" ( "golden chapter in the history of the discipline"). In addition, there are to save the poor to set up an institution, known as the "UN custody." Song has Futian Center, an economic Square, home nursing homes, there puji Jin Hospital, Yuan and Ming dynasties have raised relief homes, Francis House, Arisugawa flow of the Qing Dynasty, the raising of relief homes, by Brouwer. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in its territory under the jurisdiction of the elderly also have a hall, capable Museum, for its military and civilian retirement, injuries, medical treatment for the community. Republic of China period, similar bodies have 3 categories: ① government-run relief centers set up under the old-age pension, disability, orphans, child-care, etc., generally located in the provinces, municipalities and county government is located; ② civil aid and interoperability of relief organizations; ③ religious charities to do more for the care of orphans, abandoned babies and other institutions.

Social relief -1

The state and society to the poor needs to provide the lowest level of material assistance, and enhance their social viability of a social security system. Also known as social assistance.

Western social relief of the historical development of social relief from the Middle Ages the secular and religious charities. 15 ~ 16 turn of the century, Western Europe, governments have begun to use the church and private charity to the poor host, and to be legislative intervention. 1601 British Elizabeth Poor Law enacted to provide for the poor countries levy tax on the poor management of the work will be to delegate the responsibility of the diocese to pay and allow the diocese tax costs for the poor. 17 ~ 18th century replica of the United States largely to the law, but little relief from the poor, the church is also limited to the relief of the poor followers. The late 19th century and early 20th century, the disparity between the rich and the increasingly serious social conflicts, labor leaders strongly urge the Government to intervene in the social problem of poverty. In Germany and the United Kingdom, the welfare of the working class began to show the political power of legislation, called for the implementation of social insurance and public assistance for a wide range planning. 1897 ~ 1930, the majority of European countries have adopted measures of social security, social relief has been incorporated into the social security system, social security has become an important part. Its object is not the ability to work, or income sufficient to maintain the statutory minimum standard of living (poverty line) families. The rates of relief with the relief often targeted family population and poverty levels (some countries, including the sick, the disabled, aging, widowhood or abandoned, etc.) may be. This kind of social relief to the law as the basis, in conformity with the law who, after application and verification, it has the right to relief.